As was first suggested by Count Potocki, he identified the deity as a representation of the Slavic four-headed god Swiatowid, until then primarily associated with the island of Rügen, but now understood to be pan-Slavic. Īndrei Sergeevich Famintsyn in his 1884 work "Ancient Slav Deities" argued against Lelewel's theory, and instead claimed that the Zbruch pillar is a representation of a single deity and that all four sides of each tier represented one entity. Įver since the discovery of the monument there has been debate about what exactly the idol represents. ![]() Since 1968 it has been kept in the Kraków Archaeological Museum. However, it was not until 1950 that it was placed on permanent exhibition. Initially kept in the Library of the Jagiellonian University, in 1858 it was moved to the temporary exhibition of antiquities in the Lubomirski family palace and then to the headquarters of the Kraków Scientific Society. It was also Potocki who first conjectured that the statue might represent Svetovid. The owner of the village, Konstanty Zaborowski, brother of the late poet, Tymon, donated it to Polish Count Mieczysław Potocki, who in 1850 reported it to the Kraków Scientific Society. The statue was discovered in August 1848 in the village of Lychkivtsi (Liczkowce) in Galicia (then in the Austrian Empire, now in Ukraine), during a drought that made the bottom of the river visible. Each of the sides has a distinct attribute: a ring or a bracelet a drinking horn, or horn of plenty a sword and a horse and an eroded solar symbol. The four sides of the uppermost tier have the largest figures of the idol, with four faces united beneath a tall rounded hat.Only one of four sides has an entity with a tiny "child" figure. The middle tier shows a smaller entity with extended arms on all four sides. ![]() Three sides of the lowest tier show a kneeling, bearded entity who appears to support the upper tier on his hands the fourth side is blank.The reliefs depict the following characters: The reliefs are in rather poor condition, though some traces of original polychrome were found in the 1960s. It is possible that during the 1848 excavation of the monument its lower layer was broken off and lost. The lower tier is 67 cm (26 in) the middle tier is 40 cm (16 in) and the top tier is 167 cm (66 in). The Zbruch Idol is a four-sided pillar of grey limestone, 2.67 m (8.8 ft) in height, and has three tiers of reliefs engraved upon each of the four sides. The statue is now on display in the Archaeological Museum of Kraków in Poland, with exact copies located in a number of museums. It was discovered during a drought near the village of Lychkivtsi, just north of Husiatyn, in 1848. In the 19th century, when the Zbruch River (a left tributary of the Dniester) changed its bed, the area where the pillar was buried became submerged. It is suggested that the sculpture was disposed of or was buried in a pit some time after the baptism of Kievan Rus', and acceptance of Christianity in Poland in 966, like various buried idols in Kiev and Novgorod. Ratomir Wilkowski, broszura programowa Rodzimego Kościoła Polskiego z 2013 r. Presentation of the reliefs adorning each side of the bałwan of Zbrucz carving. ![]() It is thought that the three tiers of bas-relief represent the three levels of the world, from the bottom underworld, to the middle mortal world and the uppermost, largest, world of heavenly gods. The pillar was commonly incorrectly associated with the Slavic deity Svetovit, although current opinions on the exact meaning of all the bas-reliefs and their symbols differ. The Zbruch Idol, Sviatovid ( Worldseer, Polish: Światowid ze Zbrucza Ukrainian: Збручанський ідол) is a 9th-century sculpture, more precisely an example of a bałwan, and one of the few monuments of pre-Christian Slavic beliefs (according to another interpretation, it was created by the Kipchaks/ Cumans). ![]() Ninth-century statue discovered in the 19th century in present-day Ukraine Zbruch Idol, Kraków Archaeological Museum Zbruch Idol, an example of a bałwan
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